Bt toxins are a class of insecticidal proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). These toxins have been widely used in agriculture as a biological control agent to combat pests that damage crops. Bt toxins work by specifically targeting the digestive system of insects, causing them to stop feeding and eventually die. Research in the area of Bt toxins focuses on studying the mechanisms of action of these proteins, exploring ways to enhance their efficacy and specificity, and investigating their potential environmental impacts. Scientists also work on developing genetically modified crops that produce Bt toxins, known as Bt crops, which have been shown to reduce the need for chemical insecticides and improve crop yields. Overall, research on Bt toxins plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture and pest management strategies, as well as in understanding the interactions between genetically modified crops and the environment.